Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) reward landholders and communities for protecting nature, with research showing that well-designed programs can slow deforestation and enhance ecosystems at low cost. However, traditional outcome-based models often overlook communities' ways of life, limiting...

Esther Duflo presents the Global Climate Grand Bargain a practical, fair framework linking mitigation, adaptation, and compensation. The talk outlines global carbon pricing, automatic transfers for vulnerable households, and locally driven adaptation that makes climate action advance equity and...